两个 SG90 舵机的云台相机支架

一个机器人套件风格的小型 ESP32-CAM 云台。底座用耳片螺丝固定第一个 SG90,这个舵机的舵盘嵌在橙色叉架下方的键槽里,带动叉架左右各转最多 90 度。叉架上装第二个 SG90,它的舵盘带动相机托架。托架另一侧架在打印出来的转轴短柱上,两侧都有支撑,舵机拧好螺丝后就不会滑脱。板子沿边槽滑入,顶部拧上一个小盖。俯仰舵机的线卡进绕叉架一圈的槽里,以一个松弛的线圈过渡到底座,再卡进背面的槽,所以跟着水平转动也不会被挂住。构建会校验:两个舵机驱动托架和板子的扭矩都很充足(远低于 SG90 堵转扭矩的四分之一),整个水平和俯仰范围内没有任何碰撞,线的余量足够左右各转满 90 度,每个零件都有真实的装入路径,不用螺丝也能稳稳立住。打印出来的配合、舵机虚位和耐用度仍需试打验证。

云台舵机相机支架:可 3D 打印的模型,74 × 74 × 89 mm
Building the model
Loading the 3D view
No adjustable sizes

Ask for the sizes you want to tweak, e.g. “make the width adjustable”.

默认尺寸下的规格

在 Bambu Lab A1 上用 PLA 实际构建测得。拖动上方滑块时,每个数字都会实时更新。

整体尺寸
74 × 74 × 89 mm
零件数
4
耗材
59 g
打印时间
1 h 45 min
打印盘
1
支撑
不需要

工程校验

校验和参数名称直接来自 CAD 引擎,以英文显示。

  • Tilt servo has the torque8.44 N.mm worst case (24.8 g cradle + cap + 10 g board, CG 1.1 mm off the axis at up to 60 deg = 0.26, plus starting a full-speed move with all mass at the 28 mm sweep radius = 8.18) vs SG90 stall 177 N.mm: under a quarter
  • Pan servo has the torque15.43 N.mm to start a full-speed pan (66 g turning, I = 368 g.cm2) vs 177 N.mm stall
  • Yoke stays on the pan horn1.3 N pull on a horn screw (turning group CG 3.8 mm off the pan axis, bumped x2, levered over 8 mm) vs ~40 N for an M2 self-tapper 2.5 mm into PLA, derated; the horn is also keyed into its recess for torque
  • Pivot stub carries a knock0.10 MPa bending at the 6 mm stub root (half the cradle at a 5 g knock, sharp-root factor 2.3) vs 16.7 along the layers; bearing 0.03 MPa vs ~5 MPa for PLA sliding
  • Arms take a 5 N knock at the top2.3 MPa at the 4.3 x 28 mm arm root (39 mm tall, bending across the layers) vs 5.0
  • Tilt SG90 seats in the arm windowcase 0.2 mm clear in the window, tabs flat on the arm, two M2 tab screws; horn keyed 2.0 mm into the cradle recess; overlap 0.00 mm3
  • Pan SG90 hangs on its tabs in the basetabs on the pocket ledge with two M2 screws, horn keyed into the yoke floor; overlap 0.00 mm3
  • Cradle is trapped between stub and horncradle can float 0.6 mm toward the stub: the stub stays 3.1 mm in its bore and the horn stays 3.0 mm on the spline; no glue
  • Board slides in and is heldPCB edges 0.7 mm deep in 1.9 mm grooves with 45 deg lead-ins, 0.3 mm side play, lifts at most 0.3 mm under the cap; header pins reach through two back windows; overlap 0.00 mm3
  • Tilt sweep is clearcradle, cap and board sampled every 10 deg: clear to +/-180 deg (no contact at all; the SG90's own +/-90 deg is the limit); set range +/-60
  • Pan sweep is clearyoke, tilt servo and cradle sampled at +/-45 and +/-90 deg against the base: overlap 0.00 mm3; 0.8 mm seam under the yoke
  • Leads route clear, exit low at the backpan lead in the drop-in slot under the base; tilt lead snaps into a groove round the yoke rim, crosses in a service loop and snaps into a groove down the back of the base; both leave at the back within 6 mm of the desk; tightest bend 7.0 mm (>= 6 mm, 5x the 1.2 mm ribbon it bends across); overlap 0.00 mm3
  • Tilt lead has slack for the whole pan96 mm free loop vs 91 mm needed at 90 deg (worst of +/-90): wrapped round the base at 36 mm radius, plus the drop and 15 mm spare
  • Tilt lead is long enough240 mm from the servo to 25 mm past the back exit (12 mm behind the base) vs the 250 mm SG90 lead
  • Stands steady without screws or tapetips only past 53 deg (203 g, CG 27 mm up, 1.3 mm off centre, 74 mm foot)
  • pan SG90 + horn goes in23 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • tilt SG90 + horn goes in16 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • ESP32-CAM board goes in26 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • OV2640 camera + lens goes in26 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • driver: tilt tab screws goes in20 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • driver: cap screws goes in20 poses along its path clear of every part.

可调尺寸

设置默认范围
Camera board width27 mm24–32 mm
Camera board height40.5 mm36–48 mm
Tilt range (each way)60 deg20–90 deg
Pan range (each way)90 deg30–90 deg
Base mountingscrews—

零件清单

零件数量尺寸(mm)耗材时间
base174 × 74 × 3135 g52 min
yoke166 × 65 × 4615 g28 min
cradle135 × 32 × 449 g19 min
top-cap135 × 11 × 31 g6 min

制作方法

  1. 如果你的不是标准 27 x 40.5 mm 的 ESP32-CAM,就设置相机板的宽和高,再选水平和俯仰的转动范围。
  2. 底座固定方式选螺丝或双面胶,四个零件用 PLA 打印,无需支撑。
  3. 把水平舵机放进底座,拧紧耳片螺丝,再把它的舵盘拧进叉架的凹槽,然后把叉架压到舵机上。
  4. 把俯仰舵盘拧到托架上,把托架套到转轴短柱上,从外侧推入俯仰舵机,把线压进边缘和底座的槽里,然后滑入板子、拧上盖子。

打印建议

  • 每个零件都按摆放方向、平面朝下打印,无需支撑:2 层壁、15% 填充约 60 g,不到 2 小时。
  • 叉架和托架用 3 层壁,让小号 M2 自攻螺丝有足够的塑料可咬。
  • 如果托架在转轴短柱上发涩,把短柱轻轻打磨一下或滴一滴干性 PTFE 润滑剂就顺了。

常见问题

能用小型 USB 摄像头代替 ESP32-CAM 吗?

可以,只要摄像头的电路板能滑进槽里。把板宽和板高滑块设成你的板子尺寸,并确认厚度接近 1.6 mm。

相机能俯仰超过 90 度吗?

托架本身整圈都不会碰撞,所以限制在 SG90,它左右各能转约 90 度。俯仰滑块最大就到这个值。

舵机线怎么走?

水平舵机的线放在底座下方的槽里。俯仰舵机的线压进绕叉架边缘的槽,在背后垂成一个短线圈,再压进底座背面的槽,所以两根线都从背面一起出来。线圈的余量足够完整的水平转动。

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