NEMA17 行星减速箱

一个直接用螺栓装在 NEMA17 步进电机上的两级行星减速箱。第一级太阳轮压在电机的 D 形轴上,每级四个行星轮绕着刻在凹槽纹外壳里的同一个齿圈转动,第一级行星架带着第二级太阳轮,第二级行星架通过一根穿过端盖里 608 轴承的 M8 螺栓带动输出法兰。按下播放,电机轴带动太阳轮,行星轮公转加自转,每个行星架都按真实的减速后转速转动。校验证明齿轮在静止和每个采样姿态下都互不干涉,行星轮均匀分布且相位正确,轮齿(Lewis 齿根应力)和 3 mm 钢销能经 16:1 减速承受电机 0.4 N m 的堵转扭矩(输出约 5.4 N m),每个零件都有明确的装入路径。这是一套套件:打印件加上销钉、一个轴承和几颗螺丝。

NEMA17 行星减速箱:可 3D 打印的模型,88 × 88 × 67 mm
Building the model
Loading the 3D view
No adjustable sizes

Ask for the sizes you want to tweak, e.g. “make the width adjustable”.

默认尺寸下的规格

在 Bambu Lab A1 上用 pla 实际构建测得。拖动上方滑块时,每个数字都会实时更新。

整体尺寸
88 × 88 × 67 mm
零件数
14
耗材
100 g
打印时间
3 h 23 min
打印盘
1
支撑
不需要

工程校验

校验和参数名称直接来自 CAD 引擎,以英文显示。

  • Every part stands free at resttotal overlap 0.000 mm³ between gears, carriers, housing and cap with a 0.15 mm flank gap and 0.4 mm axial gaps
  • Planets space evenly(16 + 48) / 4 = 16, a whole number, so all four planets mesh in phase
  • Planets clear each other5.8 mm between neighbouring planet tips
  • No tooth undercutsun/planet 1.00:1 needs 13+ teeth at 20 deg; smallest here 16
  • Teeth overlap in meshcontact ratio 1.35 sun-planet, 1.51 planet-ring after the flank gaps (1.2+ runs smoothly)
  • Stage 1 teeth take the stall torque5.0 MPa at the tooth root (Lewis, Y 0.296, 8 mm face) with 0.40 N m on its sun shared by 3 of 4 planets; PLA allows 16.7 along the layers
  • Stage 1 planet pins hold27 N per pin: 44 MPa bending in the 3 mm hardened dowel (allow 500), 1.1 MPa in the planet bore (keep under ~6), 11.2 MPa in the 5 mm carrier socket vs 16.7
  • Stage 2 teeth take the stall torque13.6 MPa at the tooth root (Lewis, Y 0.296, 10 mm face) with 1.47 N m on its sun shared by 3 of 4 planets; PLA allows 16.7 along the layers
  • Stage 2 planet pins hold98 N per pin: 200 MPa bending in the 3 mm hardened dowel (allow 500), 3.3 MPa in the planet bore (keep under ~6), 13.9 MPa in the 10 mm carrier socket vs 16.7
  • Sun grips the D-shaft6.9 MPa on 9.7 mm of the shaft flat at 0.4 N m vs 16.7; the bore prints ~0.1 mm small for a press fit
  • Motor shaft clears all but its sunshaft tip at 24 mm runs in carrier 1's bushing; overlap 0.00 mm³, sun bore 0.01
  • Housing bolts to the motorseats on the 22 mm boss; M3x8 bites 4.5 mm into the motor's threads; 62 N per screw from the 5.4 N m reaction, 5.2 MPa on the floor vs 16.7
  • Output bolt carries the torque5.4 N m out: 102 MPa shear in the M8 core (8.8 bolt, allow 190); hex pockets 7.0 / 4.6 MPa vs 16.7
  • 608 is seated and capturedflush in a 7 mm pocket on a 3.00 mm lip under the outer race; the inner race is clamped between 8 x 12 mm speed rings by the carrier shoulder and the flange, which runs 1.0 mm clear of the cap; overlap -0.00 mm³
  • Cap centres on the housingthe cap sits 1.5 mm deep in the housing's bezel with 0.15 mm all round, so the bearing lands on the ring's axis; flat on the ring top; M3x12 into heat-set inserts in the lobes, 1.2 mm of cap round each screw head
  • Ring wall4.2 mm under the flutes, 2.3 mm between each insert and the ring's tooth roots, 3.4 mm bezel rim standing outside the tooth roots
  • Bolt and nut fitM8 x 30: the nyloc sits 5.9 mm above the flange underside, its top flush with the bolt end; the carrier shoulder passes the 8 mm lip hole with 0.5 mm all round
  • Ratio16.00:1 (2 x 4.00, 16/16/48 teeth, module 1.25): 4.0 motor turns = 0.25 output turns; about 5.4 N m out from 0.4 N m at 92% per stage
  • NEMA17 stepper goes in23 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • NEMA17 end caps goes in23 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • 608 bearing (in the cap) goes in6 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • 2x M8 speed ring 8 x 12 x 1 goes in15 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • M8 x 30 hex bolt goes in13 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • M8 nyloc nut (in the flange) goes in15 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • 3 mm steel pins, stage 1 goes in10 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • 3 mm steel pins, stage 2 goes in10 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • 4x M3x8 into the motor goes in15 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • 4x M3x12 cap screws goes in15 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • driver: motor screws (through the tool holes) goes in20 poses along its path clear of every part.
  • driver: cap screws goes in20 poses along its path clear of every part.

可调尺寸

设置默认范围
Tooth size (module)1.25 mm1.25–1.75 mm
Sun teeth1614–20
Planet teeth1614–22
Stages21–2
Gear gap (each flank)0.15 mm0.1–0.25 mm

零件清单

零件数量尺寸(mm)耗材时间
housing188 × 88 × 4445 g1 h 6 min
sun 1122 × 22 × 132 g8 min
planet 1-1122 × 22 × 82 g7 min
planet 1-2122 × 22 × 82 g7 min
planet 1-3122 × 22 × 82 g7 min
planet 1-4122 × 22 × 82 g7 min
planet 2-1122 × 22 × 102 g8 min
planet 2-2122 × 22 × 102 g8 min
planet 2-3122 × 22 × 102 g8 min
planet 2-4122 × 22 × 102 g8 min
carrier 1152 × 52 × 158 g16 min
output carrier152 × 52 × 138 g15 min
cap180 × 80 × 1015 g24 min
output flange138 × 38 × 147 g14 min

制作方法

  1. 选模数、太阳轮和行星轮齿数,以及一级或两级;传动比和输出扭矩会在校验中更新。
  2. 外壳、行星架和行星轮平面朝下打印,太阳轮齿朝下,端盖和法兰平面朝下。无需支撑。
  3. 把 M3 热熔螺母压进外壳的凸耳,用 4x M3x8 螺丝装到电机上,把太阳轮压到轴上,然后逐级把行星轮装到压好的 3 mm 销上。
  4. 把 M8 螺栓从输出行星架下方穿上来,加一个垫圈,盖上装好 608 轴承的端盖并拧紧,再把带尼龙锁紧螺母的法兰拧到螺栓上。

打印建议

  • 对于所示的校验,PLA 就够用;在持续负载下 PETG 或 PA-CF 齿轮更耐用。齿轮用 3-4 层壁打印,让轮齿是实心的。
  • 齿轮卡滞就把齿轮间隙加大 0.02 mm;有松旷声就减小。在销上滴一滴干性 PTFE 润滑剂会有帮助。
  • 销钉校验假定使用淬火 3 mm 定位销(ISO 8734);截短的钉子或软棒会弯。

常见问题

需要哪些五金件?

一台 NEMA17 步进电机、3 mm 钢制定位销(每级四根)、一个 608 轴承、两个 8 x 12 x 1 mm 垫圈、一颗 M8 六角螺栓和尼龙锁紧螺母、4x M3x8 和 4x M3x12 螺丝,以及端盖和输出法兰用的 4 + 4 个 M3 热熔螺母。

实际能输出多大扭矩?

默认 16:1、0.4 N m 电机,按每个打印级 92% 效率估算,法兰处约 5.4 N m。这是计算值,不是实测值,所以挂重物之前先在工作台上测一下。

能做单级版本吗?

可以。把级数设为 1,就得到一个更短的 4:1 减速箱,法兰和轴承不变。由于电机转四圈后每个零件都回到原位,动画会是一个干净的循环。

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